Géraud G, Denuelle M, Fabre N et al (2005) Positron emission studies in migraine. Woods RP, Iacoboni M, Mazziotta JC (1994) Bilateral spreading cerebral hypoperfusion during spontaneous migraine headache. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 3:1–28Ĭohen AS, Goadsby PJ (2004) Functional neuroimaging of primary headache disorders. Olesen J (1991) Cerebral and extracranial circulatory disturbances in migraine: pathophysiological implications. Lauritzen M (2001) Cortical spreading depression in migraine. ![]() Marshall WH (1959) Spreading cortical depression of Leao. Leao AAP (1947) Further observations on the spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex. Leao AAP (1944) Spreading depression of activity in cerebral cortex. Wolff HG (1963) Headache and other head pain, 3rd Edn. Olesen J, Friberg L, Skyhoj-Olsen T et al (1990) Timing and topography of cerebral blood flow, aura, and headache during migraine attacks. Lauritzen M (1994) Pathophysiology of the migraine aura. Hadjikhani N, Sanchez del Rio M, Wu O et al (2001) Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex. Sanchez del Rio M, Bakker D, Wu O et al (1999) Perfusion weighted imaging during migraine: spontaneous visual aura and headache. Ann Neurol 9:344–352Ĭutrer FM, Sorensen AG, Weisskoff RM et al (1998) Perfusion-weighted imaging defects during spontaneous migrainous aura. Classic migraineclinical findings in 164 patients. Cephalalgia 2004 24: 564575 Manzoni GC, Farina S, Lanfranchi M, et al. ![]() Clinical characteristics of 362 patients with familial migraine with aura. Eriksen MK, Thomsen LL, Andersen I, et al. Olesen J, Larsen B, Lauritzen M (1981) Focal hyperemia followed by spreading oligemia and impaired activation of rCBF in classic migraine. A prospective study of juvenile migraine with aura. Gowers WR (1888) A manual of diseases of the nervous system. Russell MB, Olesen J (1996) A nosographic analysis of the migraine aura in a general population. Headache Classification Committee of The International Headache Society (2004) The International Classification of Headache Disorders (second edition). The difference is that oftentimes the aura is a warning sign that migraine pain is headed your way so it gives you an opportunity to initiate treatment and stop the migraine in its tracks. This presentation will take the resolve that the migraine with and without aura share the same pathogenic mechanisms. So what is the mechanism of migraine aura? Do migraine without aura patients have clinically silent aura? Migraine is after all defined as a clinical disorder and is the prototypic primary headache and thus its uniform pathogenesis must underlie all that we know about migraine clinically. Both major subtypes of migraine clearly represent a perturbation of normal physiology and employ normal anatomic pathways to generate the aura and headache, similar to aura and a seizure. The mechanisms of aura generation are now becoming clearer, based on imaging studies, and a common migraine pathophysiology for all subtypes of migraine headaches now seems reasonable, as it would seem implausible that all of these neurological events have different pathogenic mechanisms. ![]() Migraine with aura and without aura share the same clinical features with respect to the headache, and differ nosologically in the presence or absence of aura.
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